passover method documented

[html-element-library.git] / lib / HTML / Element / Library.pm

package HTML::Element::Library;

use 5.006001;
use strict;
use warnings;


our $DEBUG = 0;
#our $DEBUG = 1;

use Array::Group qw(:all);
use Carp qw(confess);
use Data::Dumper;
use HTML::Element;
use List::MoreUtils qw/:all/;
use Params::Validate qw(:all);
use Scalar::Listify;
#use Tie::Cycle;
use List::Rotation::Cycle;

our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( 'all' => [ qw() ] );
our @EXPORT_OK   = ( @{ $EXPORT_TAGS{'all'} } );
our @EXPORT      = qw();



our $VERSION = '3.53';


# Preloaded methods go here.

sub HTML::Element::siblings {
  my $element = shift;
  my $p = $element->parent;
  return () unless $p;
  $p->content_list;
}

sub HTML::Element::passover {
  my ($tree, $child_id) = @_;
  
  #warn "ARGS:   my ($tree, $child)";

  my $exodus = $tree->look_down(id => $child_id);

  my @s = HTML::Element::siblings($exodus);

  warn "sibling count", scalar @s;
  warn "siblings", join ':', @s;

  for my $s (@s) {
    warn "SIBLING: $s";
    warn "ref sib", ref $s;
    next unless ref $s;
    if ($s->attr('id') eq $child_id) {
      ;
    } else {
      $s->delete;
    }
  }

  return $exodus; # Goodbye Egypt! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passover

}

sub HTML::Element::sibdex {

  my $element = shift;
  firstidx { $_ eq $element } $element->siblings

}

sub HTML::Element::addr { goto &HTML::Element::sibdex }

sub HTML::Element::replace_content {
  my $elem = shift;
  $elem->delete_content;
  $elem->push_content(@_);
}

sub HTML::Element::wrap_content {
  my($self, $wrap) = @_;
  my $content = $self->content;
  if (ref $content) {
    $wrap->push_content(@$content);
    @$content = ($wrap);
  }
  else {
    $self->push_content($wrap);
  }
  $wrap;
}

sub HTML::Element::Library::super_literal {
  my($text) = @_;

  HTML::Element->new('~literal', text => $text);
}


sub HTML::Element::position {
  # Report coordinates by chasing addr's up the
  # HTML::ElementSuper tree.  We know we've reached
  # the top when a) there is no parent, or b) the
  # parent is some HTML::Element unable to report
  # it's position.
  my $p = shift;
  my @pos;
  while ($p) {
    my $a = $p->addr;
    unshift(@pos, $a) if defined $a;
    $p = $p->parent;
  }
  @pos;
}


sub HTML::Element::content_handler {
  my ($tree, $id_name, $content) = @_;

  $tree->set_child_content(id => $id_name, $content);

}


sub make_counter {
  my $i = 1;
  sub {
    shift() . ':' . $i++
  }
}


sub HTML::Element::iter {
  my ($tree, $p, @data) = @_;

  #  warn 'P: ' , $p->attr('id') ;
  #  warn 'H: ' , $p->as_HTML;

  #  my $id_incr = make_counter;
  my @item = map {
    my $new_item = clone $p;
    $new_item->replace_content($_);
    #    $new_item->attr('id', $id_incr->( $p->attr('id') ));
    $new_item;
  } @data;

  $p->replace_with(@item);

}


sub HTML::Element::iter2 {

  my $tree = shift;

  #warn "INPUT TO TABLE2: ", Dumper \@_;

  my %p = validate(
    @_, {
      wrapper_ld    => { default => ['_tag' => 'dl'] },
      wrapper_data  => 1,
      wrapper_proc  => { default => undef },
      item_ld       => { default => sub { 
			   my $tree = shift;
			   [
			     $tree->look_down('_tag' => 'dt'),
			     $tree->look_down('_tag' => 'dd')
			    ];
			 }
			},
      item_data     => { default => sub { my ($wrapper_data) = @_;
					  shift(@{$wrapper_data}) ;
					}},
      item_proc     => {
	default => sub {
	  my ($item_elems, $item_data, $row_count) = @_;
	  $item_elems->[$_]->replace_content($item_data->[$_]) for (0,1) ;
	  $item_elems;
	}},
      splice        => { default => sub {
			   my ($container, @item_elems) = @_;
			   $container->splice_content(0, 2, @item_elems);
			 }
			},
      debug => {default => 0}
     }
   );

  warn "wrapper_data: " . Dumper $p{wrapper_data} if $p{debug} ;

  my $container = ref_or_ld($tree, $p{wrapper_ld});
  warn "wrapper_(preproc): " . $container->as_HTML if $p{debug} ;
  $p{wrapper_proc}->($container) if defined $p{wrapper_proc} ;
  warn "wrapper_(postproc): " . $container->as_HTML if $p{debug} ;

  my $_item_elems = $p{item_ld}->($container);
  


  my $row_count;
  my @item_elem;
  {
    my $item_data  = $p{item_data}->($p{wrapper_data});
    last unless defined $item_data;

    warn Dumper("item_data", $item_data);


    my $item_elems = [ map { $_->clone } @{$_item_elems} ] ;

    if ($p{debug}) {
      for (@{$item_elems}) {
	warn "ITEM_ELEMS ", $_->as_HTML;
      }
    }

    my $new_item_elems = $p{item_proc}->($item_elems, $item_data, ++$row_count);

    if ($p{debug}) {
      for (@{$new_item_elems}) {
	warn "NEWITEM_ELEMS ", $_->as_HTML;
      }
    }


    push @item_elem, @{$new_item_elems} ;

    redo;
  }

  warn "pushing " . @item_elem . " elems " if $p{debug} ;

  $p{splice}->($container, @item_elem);

}

sub HTML::Element::dual_iter {
  my ($parent, $data) = @_;

  my ($prototype_a, $prototype_b) = $parent->content_list;

  #  my $id_incr = make_counter;

  my $i;

  @$data %2 == 0 or 
    confess 'dataset does not contain an even number of members';

  my @iterable_data = ngroup 2 => @$data;

  my @item = map {
    my ($new_a, $new_b) = map { clone $_ } ($prototype_a, $prototype_b) ;
    $new_a->splice_content(0,1, $_->[0]);
    $new_b->splice_content(0,1, $_->[1]);
    #$_->attr('id', $id_incr->($_->attr('id'))) for ($new_a, $new_b) ;
    ($new_a, $new_b)
  } @iterable_data;

  $parent->splice_content(0, 2, @item);

}


sub HTML::Element::set_child_content {
  my $tree      = shift;
  my $content   = pop;
  my @look_down = @_;

  my $content_tag = $tree->look_down(@look_down);

  unless ($content_tag) {
    warn "criteria [@look_down] not found";
    return;
  }

  $content_tag->replace_content($content);

}

sub HTML::Element::highlander {
  my ($tree, $local_root_id, $aref, @arg) = @_;

  ref $aref eq 'ARRAY' or confess 
    "must supply array reference";
    
  my @aref = @$aref;
  @aref % 2 == 0 or confess 
    "supplied array ref must have an even number of entries";

  warn __PACKAGE__ if $DEBUG;

  my $survivor;
  while (my ($id, $test) = splice @aref, 0, 2) {
    warn $id if $DEBUG;
    if ($test->(@arg)) {
      $survivor = $id;
      last;
    }
  }


  my @id_survivor = (id => $survivor);
  my $survivor_node = $tree->look_down(@id_survivor);
#  warn $survivor;
#  warn $local_root_id;
#  warn $node;

  warn "survivor: $survivor" if $DEBUG;
  warn "tree: "  . $tree->as_HTML if $DEBUG;

  $survivor_node or die "search for @id_survivor failed in tree($tree): " . $tree->as_HTML;

  my $survivor_node_parent = $survivor_node->parent;
  $survivor_node = $survivor_node->clone;
  $survivor_node_parent->replace_content($survivor_node);

  warn "new tree: " . $tree->as_HTML if $DEBUG;

  $survivor_node;
}


sub HTML::Element::highlander2 {
  my $tree = shift;

  my %p = validate(@_, {
    cond => { type => ARRAYREF },
    cond_arg => { type => ARRAYREF,
		  default => []
		 },
    debug => { default => 0 }
   }
		  );


  my @cond = @{$p{cond}};
  @cond % 2 == 0 or confess 
    "supplied array ref must have an even number of entries";

  warn __PACKAGE__ if $p{debug};

  my @cond_arg = @{$p{cond_arg}};

  my $survivor; my $then;
  while (my ($id, $if_then) = splice @cond, 0, 2) {

    warn $id if $p{debug};
    my ($if, $_then);

    if (ref $if_then eq 'ARRAY') {
      ($if, $_then) = @$if_then;
    } else {
      ($if, $_then) = ($if_then, sub {});
    }

    if ($if->(@cond_arg)) {
      $survivor = $id;
      $then = $_then;
      last;
    }

  }

  my @ld = (ref $survivor eq 'ARRAY')
      ? @$survivor
	  : (id => $survivor)
	      ;

  warn "survivor:    ", $survivor if $p{debug};
  warn "survivor_ld: ", Dumper \@ld if $p{debug};


  my $survivor_node = $tree->look_down(@ld);

  $survivor_node or confess
      "search for @ld failed in tree($tree): " . $tree->as_HTML;

  my $survivor_node_parent = $survivor_node->parent;
  $survivor_node = $survivor_node->clone;
  $survivor_node_parent->replace_content($survivor_node);


  # **************** NEW FUNCTIONALITY *******************

  # apply transforms on survivor node


  warn "SURV::pre_trans "  . $survivor_node->as_HTML if $p{debug};
  $then->($survivor_node, @cond_arg);
  warn "SURV::post_trans "  . $survivor_node->as_HTML if $p{debug};

  # **************** NEW FUNCTIONALITY *******************




  $survivor_node;
}


sub overwrite_action {
  my ($mute_node, %X) = @_;

  $mute_node->attr($X{local_attr}{name} => $X{local_attr}{value}{new});
}


sub HTML::Element::overwrite_attr {
  my $tree = shift;
  
  $tree->mute_elem(@_, \&overwrite_action);
}



sub HTML::Element::mute_elem {
  my ($tree, $mute_attr, $closures, $post_hook) = @_;

  warn "my mute_node = $tree->look_down($mute_attr => qr/.*/) ;";
  my @mute_node = $tree->look_down($mute_attr => qr/.*/) ;

  for my $mute_node (@mute_node) {
    my ($local_attr,$mute_key)        = split /\s+/, $mute_node->attr($mute_attr);
    my $local_attr_value_current      = $mute_node->attr($local_attr);
    my $local_attr_value_new          = $closures->{$mute_key}->($tree, $mute_node, $local_attr_value_current);
    $post_hook->(
      $mute_node,
      tree => $tree,
      local_attr => {
	name => $local_attr,
	value => {
	  current => $local_attr_value_current,
	  new     => $local_attr_value_new
	 }
       }
     ) if ($post_hook) ;
  }
}



sub HTML::Element::table {

  my ($s, %table) = @_;

  my $table = {};

  #  use Data::Dumper; warn Dumper \%table;

  #  ++$DEBUG if $table{debug} ;


  # Get the table element
  $table->{table_node} = $s->look_down(id => $table{gi_table});
  $table->{table_node} or confess
    "table tag not found via (id => $table{gi_table}";

  # Get the prototype tr element(s) 
  my @table_gi_tr = listify $table{gi_tr} ;
  my @iter_node = map 
    {
      my $tr = $table->{table_node}->look_down(id => $_);
      $tr or confess "tr with id => $_ not found";
      $tr;
    } @table_gi_tr;

  warn "found " . @iter_node . " iter nodes " if $DEBUG;
  #  tie my $iter_node, 'Tie::Cycle', \@iter_node;
  my $iter_node =  List::Rotation::Cycle->new(@iter_node);

  #  warn $iter_node;
  warn Dumper ($iter_node, \@iter_node) if $DEBUG;

  # $table->{content}    = $table{content};
  #$table->{parent}     = $table->{table_node}->parent;


  #  $table->{table_node}->detach;
  #  $_->detach for @iter_node;

  my @table_rows;

  {
    my $row = $table{tr_data}->($table, $table{table_data});
    last unless defined $row;

    # get a sample table row and clone it.
    my $I = $iter_node->next;
    warn  "I: $I" if $DEBUG;
    my $new_iter_node = $I->clone;


      $table{td_data}->($new_iter_node, $row);
      push @table_rows, $new_iter_node;

    redo;
  }

  if (@table_rows) {

    my $replace_with_elem = $s->look_down(id => shift @table_gi_tr) ;
    for (@table_gi_tr) {
      $s->look_down(id => $_)->detach;
    }

    $replace_with_elem->replace_with(@table_rows);

  }

}

sub ref_or_ld {

  my ($tree, $slot) = @_;

  if (ref($slot) eq 'CODE') {
    $slot->($tree);
  } else {
    $tree->look_down(@$slot);
  }
}



sub HTML::Element::table2 {

  my $tree = shift;



  my %p = validate(
    @_, {
      table_ld    => { default => ['_tag' => 'table'] },
      table_data  => 1,
      table_proc  => { default => undef },
      
      tr_ld       => { default => ['_tag' => 'tr']    },
      tr_data     => { default => sub { my ($self, $data) = @_;
				      shift(@{$data}) ;
				    }},
      tr_base_id  => { default => undef },
      tr_proc     => { default => sub {} },
      td_proc     => 1,
      debug => {default => 0}
     }
   );

  warn "INPUT TO TABLE2: ", Dumper \@_ if $p{debug};

  warn "table_data: " . Dumper $p{table_data} if $p{debug} ;

  my $table = {};

  #  use Data::Dumper; warn Dumper \%table;

  #  ++$DEBUG if $table{debug} ;

  # Get the table element
  warn 1;
  $table->{table_node} = ref_or_ld( $tree, $p{table_ld} ) ;
  warn 2;
  $table->{table_node} or confess
    "table tag not found via " . Dumper($p{table_ld}) ;

  warn "table: " . $table->{table_node}->as_HTML if $p{debug};


  # Get the prototype tr element(s) 
  my @proto_tr = ref_or_ld( $table->{table_node},  $p{tr_ld} ) ;

  warn "found " . @proto_tr . " iter nodes " if $p{debug};

  @proto_tr or return ;

  if ($p{debug}) {
    warn $_->as_HTML for @proto_tr;
  }
  my $proto_tr =  List::Rotation::Cycle->new(@proto_tr);

  my $tr_parent = $proto_tr[0]->parent;
  warn "parent element of trs: " . $tr_parent->as_HTML if $p{debug};

  my $row_count;

  my @table_rows;

  {
    my $row = $p{tr_data}->($table, $p{table_data}, $row_count);
    warn  "data row: " . Dumper $row if $p{debug};
    last unless defined $row;

    # wont work:      my $new_iter_node = $table->{iter_node}->clone;
    my $new_tr_node = $proto_tr->next->clone;
    warn  "new_tr_node: $new_tr_node" if $p{debug};

    $p{tr_proc}->($tree, $new_tr_node, $row, $p{tr_base_id}, ++$row_count)
	if defined $p{tr_proc};

    warn  "data row redux: " . Dumper $row if $p{debug};
    warn 3.3;

    $p{td_proc}->($new_tr_node, $row);
    push @table_rows, $new_tr_node;

    warn 4.4;

    redo;
  }

  $_->detach for @proto_tr;

  $tr_parent->push_content(@table_rows) if (@table_rows) ;

}


sub HTML::Element::unroll_select {

  my ($s, %select) = @_;

  my $select = {};

  my $select_node = $s->look_down(id => $select{select_label});

  my $option = $select_node->look_down('_tag' => 'option');

#  warn $option;


  $option->detach;

  while (my $row = $select{data_iter}->($select{data}))
    {
#      warn Dumper($row);
      my $o = $option->clone;
      $o->attr('value', $select{option_value}->($row));
      $o->attr('SELECTED', 1) if ($select{option_selected}->($row)) ;

      $o->replace_content($select{option_content}->($row));
      $select_node->push_content($o);
    }


}



sub HTML::Element::set_sibling_content {
  my ($elt, $content) = @_;

  $elt->parent->splice_content($elt->pindex + 1, 1, $content);

}

sub HTML::TreeBuilder::parse_string {
  my ($package, $string) = @_;

  my $h = HTML::TreeBuilder->new;
  HTML::TreeBuilder->parse($string);

}



1;
__END__
# Below is stub documentation for your module. You'd better edit it!

=head1 NAME

HTML::Element::Library - HTML::Element convenience functions

=head1 SYNOPSIS

  use HTML::Element::Library;
  use HTML::TreeBuilder;

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This method provides API calls for common actions on trees when using 
L<HTML::Tree>.

=head1 METHODS

The test suite contains examples of each of these methods in a
file C<t/$method.t>  

=head2 Positional Querying Methods

=head3 $elem->siblings

Return a list of all nodes under the same parent.

=head3 $elem->sibdex

Return the index of C<$elem> into the array of siblings of which it is 
a part. L<HTML::ElementSuper> calls this method C<addr> but I don't think
that is a descriptive name. And such naming is deceptively close to the
C<address> function of C<HTML::Element>. HOWEVER, in the interest of 
backwards compatibility, both methods are available.

=head3 $elem->addr

Same as sibdex

=head3 $elem->position()

Returns the coordinates of this element in the tree it inhabits.
This is accomplished by succesively calling addr() on ancestor
elements until either a) an element that does not support these
methods is found, or b) there are no more parents.  The resulting
list is the n-dimensional coordinates of the element in the tree.

=head2 Element Decoration Methods

=head3 HTML::Element::Library::super_literal($text)

In L<HTML::Element>, Sean Burke discusses super-literals. They are
text which does not get escaped. Great for includng Javascript in
HTML. Also great for including foreign language into a document.

So, you basically toss C<super_literal> your text and back comes
your text wrapped in a C<~literal> element.

One of these days, I'll around to writing a nice C<EXPORT> section.

=head2 Tree Rewriting Methods

=head3 $elem->replace_content(@new_elem)

Replaces all of C<$elem>'s content with C<@new_elem>. 

=head3 $elem->wrap_content($wrapper_element)

Wraps the existing content in the provided element. If the provided element
happens to be a non-element, a push_content is performed instead.

=head3 $elem->set_child_content(@look_down, $content)

  This method looks down $tree using the criteria specified in @look_down using the the HTML::Element look_down() method.

After finding the node, it detaches the node's content and pushes $content as the node's content.

=head3 $tree->content_handler($sid_value , $content)

This is a convenience method. Because the look_down criteria will often simply be:

   id => 'fixme'

to find things like:

   <a id=fixme href=http://www.somesite.org>replace_content</a>

You can call this method to shorten your typing a bit. You can simply type

   $elem->content_handler( fixme => 'new text' )

Instead of typing:

  $elem->set_child_content(sid => 'fixme', 'new text') 

=head3 $tree->highlander($subtree_span_id, $conditionals, @conditionals_args)

This allows for "if-then-else" style processing. Highlander was a movie in
which only one would survive. Well, in terms of a tree when looking at a 
structure that you want to process in C<if-then-else> style, only one child
will survive. For example, given this HTML template:

 <span klass="highlander" id="age_dialog"> 
    <span id="under10"> 
       Hello, does your mother know you're  
       using her AOL account? 
    </span> 
    <span id="under18"> 
       Sorry, you're not old enough to enter  
       (and too dumb to lie about your age) 
    </span> 
    <span id="welcome"> 
       Welcome 
    </span> 
 </span> 
 
We only want one child of the C<span> tag with id C<age_dialog> to remain
based on the age of the person visiting the page.

So, let's setup a call that will prune the subtree as a function of age:

 sub process_page {
  my $age = shift;
  my $tree = HTML::TreeBuilder->new_from_file('t/html/highlander.html');

  $tree->highlander
    (age_dialog =>
     [
      under10 => sub { $_[0] < 10} , 
      under18 => sub { $_[0] < 18} ,
      welcome => sub { 1 }
     ],
     $age
    );

And there we have it. If the age is less than 10, then the node with 
id C<under10> remains. For age less than 18, the node with id C<under18> 
remains.
Otherwise our "else" condition fires and the child with id C<welcome> remains.

=head3 $tree->passover($id_of_element)

In some cases, you know exactly which element should survive. In this case,
you can simply call C<passover> to remove it's siblings. For the HTML
above, you could delete C<under10> and C<welcome> by simply calling:

  $tree->passover('under18');

=head3 $tree->highlander2($tree, $conditionals, @conditionals_args)

Right around the same time that C<table2()> came into being, Seamstress
began to tackle tougher and tougher processing problems. It became clear that 
a more powerful highlander was needed... one that not only snipped the tree
of the nodes that should not survive, but one that allows for 
post-processing of the survivor node. And one that was more flexible with 
how to find the nodes to snip.

Thus (drum roll) C<highlander2()>.

So let's look at our HTML which requires post-selection processing:

 <span klass="highlander" id="age_dialog">
    <span id="under10">
       Hello, little <span id=age>AGE</span>-year old,
    does your mother know you're using her AOL account?
    </span>
    <span id="under18">
       Sorry, you're only <span id=age>AGE</span>
       (and too dumb to lie about your age)
    </span>
    <span id="welcome">
       Welcome, isn't it good to be <span id=age>AGE</span> years old?
    </span>
</span>

In this case, a branch survives, but it has dummy data in it. We must take 
the surviving segment of HTML and rewrite the age C<span> with the age. 
Here is how we use C<highlander2()> to do so:

 sub replace_age { 
  my $branch = shift;
  my $age = shift;
  $branch->look_down(id => 'age')->replace_content($age);
 }

 my $if_then = $tree->look_down(id => 'age_dialog');

  $if_then->highlander2(
    cond => [
      under10 => [
	sub { $_[0] < 10} , 
	\&replace_age
       ],
      under18 => [
	sub { $_[0] < 18} ,
	\&replace_age
       ],
      welcome => [
	sub { 1 },
	\&replace_age
       ]
     ],
    cond_arg => [ $age ]
		       );

We pass it the tree (C<$if_then>), an arrayref of conditions
(C<cond>) and an arrayref of arguments which are passed to the
C<cond>s and to the replacement subs.

The C<under10>, C<under18> and C<welcome> are id attributes in the
tree of the siblings of which only one will survive. However, 
should you need to do
more complex look-downs to find the survivor, 
then supply an array ref instead of a simple
scalar:


  $if_then->highlander2(
    cond => [
      [class => 'r12'] => [
	sub { $_[0] < 10} , 
	\&replace_age
       ],
      [class => 'z22'] => [
	sub { $_[0] < 18} ,
	\&replace_age
       ],
      [class => 'w88'] => [
	sub { 1 },
	\&replace_age
       ]
     ],
    cond_arg => [ $age ]
		       );


=head3 $tree->overwrite_attr($mutation_attr => $mutating_closures)

This method is designed for taking a tree and reworking a set of nodes in 
a stereotyped fashion. For instance let's say you have 3 remote image 
archives, but you don't want to put long URLs in your img src
tags for reasons of abstraction, re-use and brevity. So instead you do this:

  <img src="/img/smiley-face.jpg" fixup="src lnc">
  <img src="/img/hot-babe.jpg"    fixup="src playboy">
  <img src="/img/footer.jpg"      fixup="src foobar">

and then when the tree of HTML is being processed, you make this call:

  my %closures = (
     lnc     => sub { my ($tree, $mute_node, $attr_value)= @_; "http://lnc.usc.edu$attr_value" },
     playboy => sub { my ($tree, $mute_node, $attr_value)= @_; "http://playboy.com$attr_value" }
     foobar  => sub { my ($tree, $mute_node, $attr_value)= @_; "http://foobar.info$attr_value" }
  )

  $tree->overwrite_attr(fixup => \%closures) ;

and the tags come out modified like so:

  <img src="http://lnc.usc.edu/img/smiley-face.jpg" fixup="src lnc">
  <img src="http://playboy.com/img/hot-babe.jpg"    fixup="src playboy">
  <img src="http://foobar.info/img/footer.jpg"      fixup="src foobar">

=head3 $tree->mute_elem($mutation_attr => $mutating_closures, [ $post_hook ] )

This is a generalization of C<overwrite_attr>. C<overwrite_attr> 
assumes the return value of the 
closure is supposed overwrite an attribute value and does it for you. 
C<mute_elem> is a more general function which does nothing but 
hand the closure the element and let it mutate it as it jolly well pleases :)

In fact, here is the implementation of C<overwrite_attr> 
to give you a taste of how C<mute_attr> is used:

 sub overwrite_action {
   my ($mute_node, %X) = @_;

   $mute_node->attr($X{local_attr}{name} => $X{local_attr}{value}{new});
 }


 sub HTML::Element::overwrite_attr {
   my $tree = shift;
  
   $tree->mute_elem(@_, \&overwrite_action);
 }




=head2 Tree-Building Methods: Unrolling an array via a single sample element (<ul> container)

This is best described by example. Given this HTML:

 <strong>Here are the things I need from the store:</strong>
 <ul>
   <li class="store_items">Sample item</li>
 </ul>

We can unroll it like so:

  my $li = $tree->look_down(class => 'store_items');

  my @items = qw(bread butter vodka);

  $tree->iter($li => @items);

To produce this:


 <html>
  <head></head>
  <body>Here are the things I need from the store:
    <ul>
      <li class="store_items">bread</li>
      <li class="store_items">butter</li>
      <li class="store_items">vodka</li>
    </ul>
  </body>
 </html>

=head2 Tree-Building Methods: Unrolling an array via n sample elements (<dl> container)

C<iter()> was fine for awhile, but some things
(e.g. definition lists) need a more general function to make them easy to
do. Hence C<iter2()>. This function will be explained by example of unrolling
a simple definition list.

So here's our mock-up HTML from the designer:

 <dl class="dual_iter" id="service_plan">
      <dt>
	Artist
      </dt>
      <dd>
	A person who draws blood.
      </dd>

      <dt>
	Musician
      </dt>
      <dd>
	A clone of Iggy Pop.
      </dd>

      <dt>
	Poet
      </dt>
      <dd>
	A relative of Edgar Allan Poe.
      </dd>

      <dt class="adstyle">sample header</dt>
      <dd class="adstyle2">sample data</dd>

 </dl>


And we want to unroll our data set:

 my @items = (
  ['the pros'   => 'never have to worry about service again'],
  ['the cons'   => 'upfront extra charge on purchase'],
  ['our choice' => 'go with the extended service plan']
 );


Now, let's make this problem a bit harder to show off the power of C<iter2()>.
Let's assume that we want only the last <dt> and it's accompanying <dd> 
(the one with "sample data") to be used as the sample data
for unrolling with our data set. Let's further assume that we want them to 
remain in the final output. 

So now, the API to C<iter2()> will be discussed and we will explain how our 
goal of getting our data into HTML fits into the API.

=over 4

=item * wrapper_ld

This is how to look down and find the container of all the elements we will
be unrolling. The <dl> tag is the container for the dt and dd tags we will be
unrolling.

If you pass an anonymous subroutine, then it is presumed that execution of
this subroutine will return the HTML::Element representing the container tag.
If you pass an array ref, then this will be dereferenced and passed to 
C<HTML::Element::look_down()>. 

default value: C<< ['_tag' => 'dl'] >>

Based on the mock HTML above, this default is fine for finding our container
tag. So let's move on.

=item * wrapper_data

This is an array reference of data that we will be putting into the container.
You must supply this. C<@items> above is our C<wrapper_data>.

=item * wrapper_proc

After we find the container via C<wrapper_ld>, we may want to pre-process
some aspect of this tree. In our case the first two sets of dt and dd need 
to be removed, leaving the last dt and dd. So, we supply a C<wrapper_proc>
which will do this.

default: undef

=item * item_ld

This anonymous subroutine returns an array ref of C<HTML::Element>s that will
be cloned and populated with item data 
(item data is a "row" of C<wrapper_data>).

default: returns an arrayref consisting of the dt and dd element inside the
container.

=item * item_data

This is a subroutine that takes C<wrapper_data> and retrieves one "row" 
to be "pasted" into the array ref of C<HTML::Element>s found via C<item_ld>.
I hope that makes sense.

default: shifts C<wrapper_data>.

=item * item_proc

This is a subroutine that takes the C<item_data> and the C<HTML::Element>s
found via C<item_ld> and produces an arrayref of C<HTML::Element>s which will
eventually be spliced into the container.

Note that this subroutine MUST return the new items. This is done
So that more items than were passed in can be returned. This is 
useful when, for example, you must return 2 dts for an input data item. 
And when would you do this? When a single term has multiple spellings
for instance.

default: expects C<item_data> to be an arrayref of two elements and 
C<item_elems> to be an arrayref of two C<HTML::Element>s. It replaces the
content of the C<HTML::Element>s with the C<item_data>.

=item * splice

After building up an array of C<@item_elems>, the subroutine passed as
C<splice> will be given the parent container HTML::Element and the 
C<@item_elems>. How the C<@item_elems> end up in the container is up to this
routine: it could put half of them in. It could unshift them or whatever.

default: C<< $container->splice_content(0, 2, @item_elems) >>
In other words, kill the 2 sample elements with the newly generated
@item_elems

=back

So now that we have documented the API, let's see the call we need:

 $tree->iter2(
  # default wrapper_ld ok. 
  wrapper_data => \@items,
  wrapper_proc => sub {
    my ($container) = @_;

    # only keep the last 2 dts and dds
    my @content_list = $container->content_list;
    $container->splice_content(0, @content_list - 2); 
  },

  # default item_ld is fine.
  # default item_data is fine.
  # default item_proc is fine. 
  splice       => sub {
    my ($container, @item_elems) = @_;
    $container->unshift_content(@item_elems);
  },
  debug => 1,
 );


=head2 Tree-Building Methods: Select Unrolling

The C<unroll_select> method has this API:

   $tree->unroll_select(
      select_label    => $id_label,
      option_value    => $closure, # how to get option value from data row
      option_content  => $closure, # how to get option content from data row
      option_selected => $closure, # boolean to decide if SELECTED
      data         => $data        # the data to be put into the SELECT
      data_iter    => $closure     # the thing that will get a row of data
    );

Here's an example:

 $tree->unroll_select(
   select_label     => 'clan_list', 
   option_value     => sub { my $row = shift; $row->clan_id },
   option_content   => sub { my $row = shift; $row->clan_name },
   option_selected  => sub { my $row = shift; $row->selected },
   data             => \@query_results, 
   data_iter        => sub { my $data = shift; $data->next }
 )



=head2 Tree-Building Methods: Table Generation

Matthew Sisk has a much more intuitive (imperative)
way to generate tables via his module
L<HTML::ElementTable|HTML::ElementTable>. 
However, for those with callback fever, the following
method is available. First, we look at a nuts and bolts way to build a table
using only standard L<HTML::Tree> API calls. Then the C<table> method 
available here is discussed.

=head3 Sample Model

 package Simple::Class;
 
 use Set::Array;
 
 my @name   = qw(bob bill brian babette bobo bix);
 my @age    = qw(99  12   44    52      12   43);
 my @weight = qw(99  52   80   124     120  230);
 
 
 sub new {
     my $this = shift;
     bless {}, ref($this) || $this;
 }
 
 sub load_data {
     my @data;
 
     for (0 .. 5) {
 	push @data, { 
 	    age    => $age[rand $#age] + int rand 20,
 	    name   => shift @name,
 	    weight => $weight[rand $#weight] + int rand 40
 	    }
     }
 
   Set::Array->new(@data);
 }
 
 
 1;


=head4 Sample Usage:

       my $data = Simple::Class->load_data;
       ++$_->{age} for @$data

=head3 Inline Code to Unroll a Table

=head4 HTML

 <html>
 
   <table id="load_data">
 
     <tr>  <th>name</th><th>age</th><th>weight</th> </tr>
 
     <tr id="iterate">
 
         <td id="name">   NATURE BOY RIC FLAIR  </td>
         <td id="age">    35                    </td>
         <td id="weight"> 220                   </td>
 
     </tr>
 
   </table>
 
 </html>


=head4 The manual way (*NOT* recommended)

 require 'simple-class.pl';
 use HTML::Seamstress;
 
 # load the view
 my $seamstress = HTML::Seamstress->new_from_file('simple.html');
 
 # load the model
 my $o = Simple::Class->new;
 my $data = $o->load_data;
 
 # find the <table> and <tr> 
 my $table_node = $seamstress->look_down('id', 'load_data');
 my $iter_node  = $table_node->look_down('id', 'iterate');
 my $table_parent = $table_node->parent;
 
 
 # drop the sample <table> and <tr> from the HTML
 # only add them in if there is data in the model
 # this is achieved via the $add_table flag
 
 $table_node->detach;
 $iter_node->detach;
 my $add_table;
 
 # Get a row of model data
 while (my $row = shift @$data) {
 
   # We got row data. Set the flag indicating ok to hook the table into the HTML
   ++$add_table;
 
   # clone the sample <tr>
   my $new_iter_node = $iter_node->clone;
 
   # find the tags labeled name age and weight and 
   # set their content to the row data
   $new_iter_node->content_handler($_ => $row->{$_}) 
     for qw(name age weight);
 
   $table_node->push_content($new_iter_node);
 
 }
 
 # reattach the table to the HTML tree if we loaded data into some table rows
 
 $table_parent->push_content($table_node) if $add_table;
 
 print $seamstress->as_HTML;
 


=head3 $tree->table() : API call to Unroll a Table

 require 'simple-class.pl';
 use HTML::Seamstress;
 
 # load the view
 my $seamstress = HTML::Seamstress->new_from_file('simple.html');
 # load the model
 my $o = Simple::Class->new;
 
 $seamstress->table
   (
    # tell seamstress where to find the table, via the method call
    # ->look_down('id', $gi_table). Seamstress detaches the table from the
    # HTML tree automatically if no table rows can be built
 
      gi_table    => 'load_data',
 
    # tell seamstress where to find the tr. This is a bit useless as
    # the <tr> usually can be found as the first child of the parent
 
      gi_tr       => 'iterate',
      
    # the model data to be pushed into the table
 
      table_data  => $o->load_data,
 
    # the way to take the model data and obtain one row
    # if the table data were a hashref, we would do:
    # my $key = (keys %$data)[0]; my $val = $data->{$key}; delete $data->{$key}
 
      tr_data     => sub { my ($self, $data) = @_;
 			  shift(@{$data}) ;
 			},
 
    # the way to take a row of data and fill the <td> tags
 
      td_data     => sub { my ($tr_node, $tr_data) = @_;
 			  $tr_node->content_handler($_ => $tr_data->{$_})
 			    for qw(name age weight) }
 
   );
 
 
 print $seamstress->as_HTML;



=head4 Looping over Multiple Sample Rows

* HTML

 <html>
 
   <table id="load_data" CELLPADDING=8 BORDER=2>
 
     <tr>  <th>name</th><th>age</th><th>weight</th> </tr>
 
     <tr id="iterate1" BGCOLOR="white" >
 
         <td id="name">   NATURE BOY RIC FLAIR  </td>
         <td id="age">    35                    </td>
         <td id="weight"> 220                   </td>
 
     </tr>
     <tr id="iterate2" BGCOLOR="#CCCC99">
 
         <td id="name">   NATURE BOY RIC FLAIR  </td>
         <td id="age">    35                    </td>
         <td id="weight"> 220                   </td>
 
     </tr>
 
   </table>
 
 </html>


* Only one change to last API call. 

This:

	gi_tr       => 'iterate',

becomes this:

	gi_tr       => ['iterate1', 'iterate2']

=head3 $tree->table2() : New API Call to Unroll a Table

After 2 or 3 years with C<table()>, I began to develop 
production websites with it and decided it needed a cleaner
interface, particularly in the area of handling the fact that 
C<id> tags will be the same after cloning a table row.

First, I will give a dry listing of the function's argument parameters. 
This will not be educational most likely. A better way to understand how
to use the function is to read through the incremental unrolling of the 
function's interface given in conversational style after the dry listing.
But take your pick. It's the same information given in two different
ways.

=head4 Dry/technical parameter documentation

C<< $tree->table2(%param) >> takes the following arguments:

=over

=item * C<< table_ld => $look_down >> : optional

How to find the C<table> element in C<$tree>. If C<$look_down> is an 
arrayref, then use C<look_down>. If it is a CODE ref, then call it,
passing it C<$tree>.

Defaults to C<< ['_tag' => 'table'] >> if not passed in.

=item * C<< table_data => $tabular_data >> : required

The data to fill the table with. I<Must> be passed in.

=item * C<< table_proc => $code_ref >> : not implemented

A subroutine to do something to the table once it is found.
Not currently implemented. Not obviously necessary. Just
created because there is a C<tr_proc> and C<td_proc>.

=item * C<< tr_ld => $look_down >> : optional

Same as C<table_ld> but for finding the table row elements. Please note
that the C<tr_ld> is done on the table node that was found I<instead>
of the whole HTML tree. This makes sense. The C<tr>s that you want exist
below the table that was just found.

Defaults to C<< ['_tag' => 'tr'] >> if not passed in.

=item * C<< tr_data => $code_ref >> : optional

How to take the C<table_data> and return a row. Defaults to:

 sub { my ($self, $data) = @_;
      shift(@{$data}) ;
 }
				
=item * C<< tr_proc => $code_ref >> : optional

Something to do to the table row we are about to add to the
table we are making. Defaults to a routine which makes the C<id>
attribute unique:

 sub {
	my ($self, $tr, $tr_data, $tr_base_id, $row_count) = @_;
	$tr->attr(id => sprintf "%s_%d", $tr_base_id, $row_count);
 }

=item * C<< td_proc => $code_ref >> : required

This coderef will take the row of data and operate on the C<td> cells that
are children of the C<tr>. See C<t/table2.t> for several usage examples.

Here's a sample one:

 sub {
      my ($tr, $data) = @_;
      my @td = $tr->look_down('_tag' => 'td');
      for my $i (0..$#td) {
	$td[$i]->splice_content(0, 1, $data->[$i]);
      }
    }

=cut

=head4 Conversational parameter documentation

The first thing you need is a table. So we need a look down for that. If you
don't give one, it defaults to 

  ['_tag' => 'table']

What good is a table to display in without data to display?! 
So you must supply a scalar representing your tabular
data source. This scalar might be an array reference, a C<next>able iterator,
a DBI statement handle. Whatever it is, it can be iterated through to build 
up rows of table data.
These two required fields (the way to find the table and the data to
display in the table) are C<table_ld> and C<table_data>
respectively. A little more on C<table_ld>. If this happens to be a CODE ref, 
then execution
of the code ref is presumed to return the C<HTML::Element>
representing the table in the HTML tree.

Next, we get the row or rows which serve as sample C<tr> elements by doing
a C<look_down> from the C<table_elem>. While normally one sample row 
is enough to unroll a table, consider when you have alternating
table rows. This API call would need one of each row so that it can 
cycle through the
sample rows as it loops through the data. 
Alternatively, you could always just use one row and 
make the necessary changes to the single C<tr> row by 
mutating the element in C<tr_proc>, 
discussed below. The default C<tr_ld> is
C<< ['_tag' => 'tr'] >> but you can overwrite it. Note well, if you overwrite
it with a subroutine, then it is expected that the subroutine will return 
the C<HTML::Element>(s)
which are  C<tr> element(s). 
The reason a subroutine might be preferred is in the case
that the HTML designers gave you 8 sample C<tr> rows but only one 
prototype row is needed.
So you can write a subroutine, to splice out the 7 rows you don't need 
and leave the one sample
row remaining so that this API call can clone it and supply it to
the C<tr_proc> and C<td_proc> calls.

Now, as we move through the table rows with table data, 
we need to do two different things on
each table row:

=over 4

=item * get one row of data from the C<table_data> via C<tr_data>

The default procedure assumes the C<table_data> is an array reference and
shifts a row off of it:

   sub { my ($self, $data) = @_;
	 shift(@{$data}) ;
       }

Your function MUST return undef when there is no more rows to lay out.

=item * take the C<tr> element and mutate it via C<tr_proc>

The default procedure simply makes the id of the table row unique:

  sub { my ($self, $tr, $tr_data, $row_count, $root_id) = @_;
	$tr->attr(id => sprintf "%s_%d", $root_id, $row_count);
      }

=back

Now that we have our row of data, we call C<td_proc> so that it can
take the data and the C<td> cells in this C<tr> and process them. 
This function I<must> be supplied.


=head3 Whither a Table with No Rows

Often when a table has no rows, we want to display a message
indicating this to the view. Use conditional processing to decide what
to display:

	<span id=no_data>
		<table><tr><td>No Data is Good Data</td></tr></table>
	</span>
	<span id=load_data>
 <html>
 
   <table id="load_data">
 
     <tr>  <th>name</th><th>age</th><th>weight</th> </tr>
 
     <tr id="iterate">
 
         <td id="name">   NATURE BOY RIC FLAIR  </td>
         <td id="age">    35                    </td>
         <td id="weight"> 220                   </td>
 
     </tr>
 
   </table>
 
 </html>

	</span>




=head1 SEE ALSO

=over

=item * L<HTML::Tree>

A perl package for creating and manipulating HTML trees

=item * L<HTML::ElementTable>

An L<HTML::Tree> - based module which allows for manipulation of HTML
trees using cartesian coordinations. 

=item * L<HTML::Seamstress>

An L<HTML::Tree> - based module inspired by 
XMLC (L<http://xmlc.enhydra.org>), allowing for dynamic
HTML generation via tree rewriting.

=head1 TODO

=over

=item * highlander2

currently the API expects the subtrees to survive or be pruned to be
identified by id:

  $if_then->highlander2([
    under10 => sub { $_[0] < 10} , 
    under18 => sub { $_[0] < 18} ,
    welcome => [
      sub { 1 },
      sub { 
	my $branch = shift;
	$branch->look_down(id => 'age')->replace_content($age);
      }
     ]
   ],
			$age
		       );

but, it should be more flexible. the C<under10>, and C<under18> are
expected to be ids in the tree... but it is not hard to have a check to
see if this field is an array reference and if it, then to do a look
down instead:

  $if_then->highlander2([
    [class => 'under10'] => sub { $_[0] < 10} , 
    [class => 'under18'] => sub { $_[0] < 18} ,
    [class => 'welcome'] => [
      sub { 1 },
      sub { 
	my $branch = shift;
	$branch->look_down(id => 'age')->replace_content($age);
      }
     ]
   ],
			$age
		       );



=cut

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<HTML::Seamstress>

=head1 AUTHOR

Terrence Brannon, E<lt>tbone@cpan.orgE<gt>

Many thanks to BARBIE for his RT bug report.

=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

Copyright (C) 2004 by Terrence Brannon

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the same terms as Perl itself, either Perl version 5.8.4 or,
at your option, any later version of Perl 5 you may have available.


=cut